The MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships aim to strengthen the creative, innovative, and professional potential of researchers holding a PhD by supporting advanced training and high-quality research through international, interdisciplinary, and inter-sectoral mobility. The programme is open to excellent researchers of any nationality and is designed to help them acquire new skills, broaden their expertise, and progress toward research independence. MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships support original and personalised research projects that foster scientific excellence while equipping researchers with competences relevant to both academic and non-academic sectors. The scheme actively encourages collaboration with industry, SMEs, public bodies, and other non-academic organisations, enhancing employability and innovation capacity. It is also inclusive, welcoming researchers who wish to reintegrate into Europe, those displaced by conflict, and researchers with high potential seeking to restart their research careers. Beyond research excellence, fellows are encouraged to engage with society, making research outcomes accessible to citizens and involving civil society and end-users in the co-creation of knowledge where relevant. The expected impact includes strengthening Europe’s human capital in research and innovation, improving the overall quality and competitiveness of European R&I, and reinforcing Europe’s position as a leading global destination for research careers. The action also promotes knowledge transfer, brain circulation, open science, innovation, and entrepreneurship across the European Research Area.